Which method is least preferred for determining range?

The flash-to-bang method is focused on estimating the distance to a sound based on the time it takes for the light and sound from an explosion or gunfire to reach an observer. While it can be useful in quick assessments, it is characterized by significant variability influenced by environmental factors such as wind, temperature, and terrain, making it less reliable compared to other methods.

In contrast, the other methods hold more consistency and accuracy. Using map references allows for precise measurements based on known distances, while the adjacency method takes into account the relative positioning of objects or terrain features for determining range. LRF (Laser Range Finder) provides digital measurements, which are highly accurate and not affected by external conditions. This inherent variability and lower reliability make the flash-to-bang method the least preferred for determining range in a military context.